Although it sounds straightforward, janka ratings can get confusing. The janka test measures the force required to embed a. The janka test measures the amount of force required to embed a 0. The janka hardness test from the austrianborn emigrant gabriel janka, 18641932 measures the resistance of a sample of wood to denting and wear. Janka hardwood scale this scale is the worldwide standard for gauging the ability of various species of wood to endure normal wear and tear. Jul 15, 2018 janka scale pdf the brinell test is very useful for construction materials. It is one of the best measures of the ability of a wood species to withstand denting and wear. The acrylic infusion process increases the hardness of all of the species treated in the ch.
Gabriel janka, an austrian researcher who worked at the u. The janka rating is the most commonly used test to access the relative hardness of wood. The test also determines how well wood can withstand dents, dings, and wear. Northern red oak, for example, has a janka hardness rating of 1290. The test measures the force required to embed a standardsized steel ball of 0. These figures are a good indicator of how resistant the wood is to denting and wear. Each specie has unique characteristics, the two most determining of which are hardness and visual appeal or color. Janka wood hardness scale quality amish furniture hardness.
The higher the number is, the harder and more durable the floor. The higher the rating, the harder is the species of wood. A rating of zero means the flooring is easy to dent and scratch. The janka scale measures the resistance of a sample of wood to denting and wear and is typically expressed in lbf poundsforce or n newtons. The janka scale is used to determine the relative hardness of particular domestic or exotic wood species. Estimating janka hardness from specific gravity for tropical and temperate species michael c. Download, fill in and print janka hardnessstability scale charts pdf online here for free. The janka hardness test was conducted by measuring the amount of force necessary to embed a. Janka hardness poundsforce australian buloke 5060 schinopsis balansae quebracho colorado red quebracho 4570 lignum vitae guayacan pockenholz 4500 patagonian rosewood curupay angico preto piptadenia macrocarpa brazilian tiger mahogany 3840 snakewood letterhout piratinera guinensis 3800 brazilian olivewood 3700 brazilian. Mar 27, 2012 in fact, there are a now a couple of different tests, but the traditional method is known as the janka hardness test, named for austrian wood researcher gabriel janka, who invented it in 1906.
The less strenth is bolas only 100 lb feet janka hardness. All nydree engineered flooring products modified rockwell. Many shrubs were used because of their high density, which provides also hardness and good resistance against abrasion. This hardness is important in finishing as it is usually a good idea of how porous the wood may be. The janka test measures the amount of force required. Density of various wood species apple, ash, cedar, elm and more. Wood hardness chart species alphabetical hardness species by hardness hardness mahogany, honduran 800 padauk 1725 mahogany, santos 2200 tabaccowood 1750 maple, hard north american 1450 rosewood, bolivian 1780 maple, ivory 1500 bamboo, carbonized 1800 maple, soft 999 hickory 1820 merbau 1925 pecan 1820 mesquite 2345 yellowheart 1820. From each board, one specific gravity, two for static bending radial and. Technical descriptions of species can be printed, along with lists of species that match res. Background hardness is a term that has different meanings to different people. Though no wood on the scale has this rating, a rating like this would not make for a good floor. Wood joint knowledge poster no frame or framed canvas 0. However, there are beginning to be more requests for hardness values for foreign species for which we do not have janka hardness. Worldwide woods, ranked by hardness 24 x 36 poster.
Beautiful amber, red and pink tones create an elegant look. Engineered wood, or composite wood, is any type of wood fiber, particle, or strand material held together with an adhesive or binding agent. Australian buloke lignum vitae guayacan pockenholz patagonian rosewood. There may be variations of more or less than 20% on the scale, since this is a scientific test.
Sep 14, 2020 the janka scale can even reveal subtle hardness differences between woods that appear to be quite similar. The janka scale is a comprehensive chart of hardness ratings for a huge variety of wood species used for hardwood floors. It is not productive to take issue with the exact number, but rather understand the relative hardness of one wood to. The janka rating scale was created to rank the various degrees of hardness throughout the different species of hardwoods. Using the modified rockwell hardness test astm d785, that uses a modified indenter, nydree obtains rockwell hardness results on our engineered wood products that utilize the same infused species as used in the above astm d143 janka tests. Measuring a woods flat or horizontal grain face is the most general way to determine its hardness. Today, consumers of hardwood floors are on the hunt for a really high janka hardness rating. The highest rating on the scale is a 4000, making for an extremely hardwood, also not likely suitable for flooring because.
A measure of the hardness of wood, produced by a variation on the brinell hardness test. A common use of janka hardness ratings is to determine whether a species is suitable for use as flooring the hardness of wood varies with the direction of. By the same token, it also is a good indicator of how hard or easy a species is to saw or nail. The following chart will give you a hardness measurement.
The janka hardness test is used to measure the capacity of different species of wood to withstand pressure. Janka hardness scale for wood side hardness chart of some woods usda wood handbook wood as an. The janka test measures the amount of force that it takes to chip or dent a particular type of wood. The number of pounds per square inch psi needed to push the steel ball into the wood determines the janka rating. If you purchase hardwoods from a retailer that does not utilize. The janka hardness test measures the resistance of a sample of wood to denting and wear. Wood handbook fpl 1999 contains side hardness values obtained by the janka test procedure for most domestic species and for almost 80 species commonly imported into the united states from countries other than canada. This test measures the ability of a wood species to withstand denting and wear. The higher the number on the scale, the harder the wood. Green, research engineer emeritus forest products laboratory, madison, wisconsin introduction in the united states, janka hardness astm d 14394 astm 2006 was initially used as a minimally destruc.
A common measurement for wood hardness is the janka scale. The hardness and density of wood is often determined by the direction of its grain. A common use of janka hardness ratings is to determine whether a species is suitable for use as flooring. The following chart uses janka hardness testing data to illustrate and provide a comparison between the varying degrees of hardness in teragren bamboo and other hardwoods. These two properties can be determined by current specifications only by making two separate indentations for each property. Understanding the janka rating scale best laminate. Ipe decking a sustainable alternative bamboo janka ratings flooring hardness scale of wood rempros janka scale rochester hardwood floors of utica janka hardness test aurora hardwood. The test measures the force required to push a steel ball with a diameter of 11. Ipe decking a sustainable alternative to dangerous composite material janka wood hardness scale hardwood janka ratings rochester hardwood floors of utica cleaning janka wood hardness scale janka scale.
How to use the janka hardness test to your advantage. Department of agriculture, developed his lumber test and rating scale in 1906. To find this number, a steel ball is pushed halfway into a 2 x 2 x 6 wood plank. Janka hardness rating scale for hardwood floors builddirect. Estimating janka hardness from specific gravity for tropical. In 1927 it was standardized by the american society for testing and materials astm. Density of various wood species engineering toolbox. Janka hardness using nonstandard specimens forest products. Janka hardnessstability scale charts is often used in janka hardness chart, hardness chart, material hardness chart and miscellaneous. Janka hardness is another characteristic, measured in several countries, using. A common use of janka hardness ratings is to determine whether a species is continued. A measure of the hardness of wood, produced by a variation of the brinell hardness test. Types of wood american hardwood information center. When in doubt about the type of wood to select for your cabinetry, flooring, furniture or millwork project, refer to the janka rating system, which measures the.
Physical and mechanical properties of clear wood from red oak and. The janka hardness test is a measurement of the force necessary to embed a. The janka hardness rating indicates how high the relative hardness of a wood species is. Depending on the quality of manufacturing, the best bamboo flooring products can range from 3,800 5,000. Janka hardness table species hardness relative to american red oak wenge 3680 319% cumaru 3540 307% lapachoipe 3342 290% patagonian rosewood 2800 243% jatobabrazilian cherry 2551 221% mozambique 2220 193% santos mahongay 2200 191% tigerwood 2160 191% sucupira 2140 188% sumatra rosewood 1953 186% merbau 1925 167% amendoim 1912 166%. To say 1100 to 1200 ilb foot is a not a real good figure, because this is the strenth of oak 1140 and that brings us to the queation, what is the janka on plywood, it s going to be the same as rel wood. The janka hardness scale starts at zero, with this option being the softest wood choice, making it easy to dent and scratch. Its also an indicator of how easy the species is when working with carpenters tools such as sawing, drilling and nailing. The janka hardness rating is your standard measurement for this purpose. The janka rating is a measure of the amount of force required to push a.
Printed by publications branch, forest research institute mala. Ted from talks about the janka hardness test for hardwood floors what it is and how it can help you find the perfect floor. Understanding wood properties for cnc woodworking projects. The janka hardness test is the hardness level given to each species. The janka or side hardness test, measures the force poundssquare inch required to embed a. Nwfa 1st grade all white sapwood with little to no blemishes. The janka scale actually rates the trees by measuring hardness. Janka hardness scale aacer northern hard maple is up to 35% harder than southern maple source.
Promising strength and hardness comparable to exotics like eucalyptus 4000 5000 janka rating, strand woven bamboo is rated as one of the strongest materials on the janka scale period. Janka hardnessstability scale charts download printable pdf. Each country uses their own set of metrics to calculate this rating. It is one of the best measures of the ability of a wood species to withstand dent ing and wear. The janka hardness test provies a relative scale where the higher the number indicates the harder the wood. In laymans terms it is a way to measure a woods resistance to denting. The term hardwood is a collective term used to describe a variety of wood species. The janka or side hardness test, measures the force poundssquare inch required. The most widelyused wood hardness scale is known as the janka scale, developed in 1906 by gabriel janka, an austrian wood researcher.
The hardness of wood varies with the direction of the wood grain. They come from trees differing in color, moisture resistance, grain and hardness. For example, hickory hardwood has a janka rating of 1820. Although vertical wood grain edge is tested, the results are not displayed on the janka hardness scale. Estimating janka hardness from specific gravity for.
Holyshirts woodworking knowledge the chart of hand tools a guide to. Janka values hardness, or janka value is measured with a test of resistance of a sample of wood to denting and wear. A common use of janka hardness ratings is to determine whether a species is suitable. The janka hardness test measures the resistance of a type of wood to withstand denting and wear.
The test measures the amount of force required to embed an 11. The higher the janka rating number the greater the hardness. The janka hardness scale is used to rate the hardness of wood. Janka hardness scale pdf the industry standard for hardness the hardness of a wood is rated on an industry wide standard known as the janka test. The janka or side hardness test measures the force required to embed a. The industry standard for hardness the hardness of a wood is rated on an industry wide standard known as the janka test. Janka hardness scale learn how hard each wood species is.
Janka hardness is one of the important mechanical properties of timber material. Meyers hardness test determined the fundamental measure of violence depending on the average pressure applied to induce reentry. The test is conducted by dropping a steel ball that is. The test consists of measuring the amount of force required to insert a 11.
Hickory pecan, satinwood 1820 afzelia doussie australian wormy chestnut 1810 bangkirai 1798 rosewood 1780 african padauk 1725 blackwood 1720 merbau 1712 kempas 1710 black locust 1700 highland beech. Janka events, although mainly used for hardwood species, are often used to measure the density of bamboo floors. A common measurement of wood hardness is the janka hardness test. Janka hardness scale material warranty aacer flooring warrants that the products have been manufactured in compliance with the grading rules of aacer flooring, and will be free. The most popular hardwood flooring out there is red oak, and it has a rating of about. The janka test is conducted by measuring the force needed to lodge a. Astm d143 janka section was performed on infused, 2 x 2 x 6 solid pieces of all the wood species nydree uses and the janka hardness results were obtained. The janka scale describes the hardness and density of different kinds of wood in a way thats easier for people with firewood to split to understand.
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