The aim was to assess if the rainwater harvesting potential for households and selected institutions were sufficient to satisfy the emergency water demand for the prevention of covid19 in dilla. Since the water shall remain stored for quite a long time, periodical disinfection of stored water is essential to prevent growth of pathogenic bacteria. Rainwater can cause leaky basements, eroded foundations, overflowing sewers, soil erosion, and water pollution. Rain water harvesting for food and livelihood security. Characterization and impact assessment of water harvesting. Rainwater harvesting in ethiopia and kenya, africa giscorps. In rural western australia 62% of the households owned. Rainwater harvesting reduces consumers utility bills.
Practices and hydrological effects of road water harvesting. Mar 16, 2012 watershed management experiences in amhara region, ethiopia 1. Amhara regional agricultural research institute arari stakeholders workshop on enhancing communitiesadaptive capacity to climate change induced water scarcity in kabe watershed, south wollo zone wollo university, dessie, ethiopia, 2425 november 2011. The spatiotemporal variability of the water resources is characterized by multiweather systems rainfall of the country. The rain water harvesting may be defined as the technique of collection and storage of rain water at surface or in subsurface aquifer before it is lost as surface run off. The kalamino cistern a reliable and affordable roof water harvesting system for households 6 8 8 16 16 18 content climate change adaptation are linked through the. Assessment of best practises and experience in water harvesting. Rainwater harvesting and health aspects working on who. Rainwater harvesting is becoming increasingly popular as the availability of good quality water decreases. Initially he constructed a small rainwater harvesting structure by which he was able to store. Unmanaged water from roads often lead to negative effects including to the road itself. Impact of small scale water harvesting on household poverty.
Dec 06, 2018 rainwater harvesting can be an efficient management strategy for people practicing rainfed farming. Nevertheless these multi purposes structures will not be treated in detail further in this handbook. Assistant professor and vice president, mekelle university, mekelle, ethiopia. Principles and practices december 2830, 2001 mekelle, ethiopia mitiku hailu, mekelle university sorssa natea merga, care ethiopia report no. Upon approval, the columbia water center cwc team at the earth institute, columbia university, focused on planning a visit to the. In fact, water harvesting is regarded as the main pillar of national food security strategy in ethiopia fdre, 2002a.
Results are based on data collected from a survey of 152 households and 1036 plots operated by the households. To overcome the challenges caused by climate change, and to improve food security, the ethiopian government, together with local communities, have made. A gis feasibility study ethiopia is a populous country in eastern africa that has three of the major tributaries to the nile river, which contribute about 86% of the combined nile water flow into the aswan dam, but ethiopia receives only 1% of that water reserve. Rainwater harvesting and management in the semiarid areas. Pdf impact assessment of rainwater harvesting ponds. Sustainability free fulltext adoption of road water harvesting. Economic analysis of water harvesting technologies in ethiopia. Design and technical evaluation of improved rainwater.
A implementation model on rain water harvesting in sati. Behailu and others published water harvesting in northern ethiopia. Challenges are the water related legislations, inadequate financial support and the lack of national coordination. Rainwater harvesting helps utilities reduce the summer demand peak and delay expansion of existing water treatment plants.
Rainwaterharvestingtechniquebroadly includes roof water harvesting, runoff harvesting, flood water harvest ing and subsurface water harvesting. Harvesting rainwater can eliminate these problems while also eliminating the need for expensive stormwater controls. Ethiopia rainwater harvesting association erha report on. Pdf household level rainwater harvesting in the drylands of. Pdf socioeconomic potential of rainwater harvesting in. Impact of small scale water harvesting on household. Principles and practices december 2830, 2001 mekelle, ethiopia mitiku hailu, mekelle university. In this study, road water harvesting management is. Rainwater harvesting handbook programme solidarite eau. Managing water from roads has economic, social and environmental benefit. In this publication, a kinematicwave approach was applied to model overland flow and the inducement and collection of surface runoff. The rwh techniques most commonly practiced in ethiopia are runoff irrigation runoff farming, flood spreading spate irrigation, insitu water. This simple method can put forward a solution which will be workable in areas where there is sufficient rain but the groundwater supply is not sufficient on the one hand and on the other surface. Rainwater harvesting is an old practice that is being adopted by many nations as a viable decentralized water source.
Rainwater harvesting in water stress areas for multiple use services of water 7. Although rainwater harvesting technology was introduced in ethiopia. Rainwater harvesting helps people provide themselves with clean water from a reliable source that can last through even the driest seasons. Rainwater harvesting and management in the semiarid areas of. Jan 01, 2011 highlights we present challenges and opportunities to the upscaling of rainwater harvesting rwh in south africa.
Pdf impact of small scale water harvesting on household. Rainwater harvesting provides a water supply buffer for use in times of emergency or breakdown of the public water supply systems, particularly during natural disasters. Implementing rainwater harvesting on your property not only reduces the demand on the water supply, but also reduces runoff, erosion, and contamination of surface water. Free grazing resulted in the damage of biological measures. Rainwater harvesting systems store and release rainfall for future use. In a study assessing rain water harvesting systems in a rural community in edo state, it was observed that rainwater harvesting, though widely practiced, was done using poorly designed and maintained systems, resulting in unacceptable levels of microbial contamination tobin et al. Despite significant efforts of government and other table 1 existing irrigation schemes by region in ethiopia tilahun and paulos, 2004 stakeholders to improve agricultural water management for. In ethiopia the agricultural sector support project has rwh as an integrated component with concrete. Evaluation of small scale water harvesting techniques for. In the first empirical chapter, the study estimates marginal values and elasticities of. Pdf socioeconomic potential of rainwater harvesting in ethiopia. The experience of water harvesting in the drylands of ethiopia. Watershed management experiences in amhara region, ethiopia. Alternatively, in the absence of the required data, a runoffdepth model based.
Rainwater harvesting is the intentional collection of rainwater from a surface and its subsequent storage in order to supply water during the time of demand. Cylindrical water harvesting tank made of cement plaster covered with a bottle neck shaped reinforced concrete cap. The story of a smart water harvester in tigray region, ethiopia. Review of water harvesting technologies for food security in. An option for dry land agriculture in arid and semiarid ethiopia binyam alemu yosef1 and desale kidane asmamaw2 1department of soil and water resources management, college of agriculture, wollo university, ethiopia. The case of astbi womberta woreda, tigray, ethiopia, authorephrem assefa, year2006. Assessment of water supply and sanitation in amhara region. Background of the strategy historically, a number of factors have affected the development and management of water sector in ethiopia. During this period, rainwater was harvested and stored. It is an important handbook also, as it conforms with the decentralization process in tanzania, by targeting planners at the district level.
Water harvesting techniques gather water from an area termed the catchment area and channel it to the cropping area or wherever it is required. A4a expert group water harvesting, acacia institute, rain foundation. This thesis examines the economic aspects of water harvesting by exploring. Dec 22, 2016 rainwater harvesting initiatives have helped those facing drought in india, china and mexico and could be the answer to improving water quality in ethiopia on a widespread basis. Rainwater harvesting system for water supply in a rural. Water scarcity is a major issue in many parts of ethiopia, and ssa. Rainwater harvesting with subsurface and sand dams mesfin shenkut, ethiopia, email.
Capturing rainwater in above ground or below ground cisterns is. In general, the positive and negative impacts of microdam water harvesting systems need to be well. In this study, road water harvesting management is defined as a technique and approach for. The augmented resources can be harvested whenever needed. Both yields and reliability of production can be significantly improved with this method. Jun 20, 2015 rainwater harvesting rwh in ethiopia dates back to the preaxumit period 560bc ketsela 2009. This thesis examines the economic aspects of water harvesting by exploring optimal water use and the impact of water harvesting using microeconometric analyses of crosssection and panel data collected from ethiopian farmers in 2005 and 2010.
What is rainwater harvesting, its importance and various. The elements of water harvesting the main principle of water harvesting is to work with nature, and make optimum use of available water resources, storage means and harvesting technologies. In tigray, a water scarce region in northern ethiopia, introduction of rainwater harvesting techniques have contributed to better food and nutrition security, according to a recent report from agrifose2030. Kenya rainwater harvesting map overall, this project has successfully shown that gis is a cost effective method to identify rwh as a viable option to improve water supply in both ethiopia and kenya. One of the main pillars of the ethiopian governments food security strategy is the development and implementation of water harvesting schemes mainly in the drought prone and chronically drought affected areas of the country. Rainwater that falls on a rooftop or other impervious surface is collected and conveyed into an above or belowground storage tank also referred to as a cistern or rain tank, where it can be used. Impact of rainwater harvesting technologies on agricultural. Rainwater harvesting is acknowledged as a sustainable source of water that has less impact on the environment. Rainwater harvesting is an environmentally sound solution to address.
Conservation techniques conserve water within the biomass and the soil by reducing runoff and keeping the water where it falls, as much as possible. Although smallscale irrigation technologies in africa are also not free of. The study assesses the determinants of households adoption of rainwater harvesting ponds, and its impact on agricultural intensification and yield in alaba woreda, southern ethiopia. In this project, the example of maghara, figure 2, was used as the basis for outscaling soil and water management technologies in communities in the mountainous. During this period rainwater was harvested and stored in. The farmers in these communities have been requesting interest free loans for water harvesting, soil conservation, and water use efficient, diversification options on their land. The essence and success of water harvesting is to collect water during the short wet periods and to store and use it for subsequent dry periods. In the drylands of ethiopia, several road water harvesting practices rwhp have been used to supplement rainfed agriculture. Water harvesting technologies a challenge to ethiopia. Integrated rainwater harvesting practices and household. Watershed management experiences in amhara region fentahun mengistu dr. It is hoped that this planning handbook will provide planners with practical tips on how rainwater harvesting can. Most rainwater harvesting technologies are simple to install and operate. Typical drawings of roof water harvesting structures are shown in figure 6.
Rain harvesting to improve water quality in ethiopia. Ethiopia has a complex topography, diversified climate, and immense water resources. Water harvesting improves food security in ethiopia siani. The act of harvesting rainwater, floodwaters and groundwater has been in practice for. In this project, the example of maghara, figure 2, was used as the basis for outscaling soil and water. In an effort to address the problems of recurrent droughts and food insecurity the gov.
Individual rainwater harvesting systems are one of the many tools to meeting the growing water demand. Pdf rainwater harvesting has been known and widely practiced for many centuries, especially during the dry season for a different purpose. Opportunities lie in the government buyin and the knowledge gathered during over 15 years of rwh research. Excess soil water can be removed by subsurface drainage but, in rainwater harvesting, this water is stored and conserved. In an effort to address the problems of recurrent droughts and food insecurity the government of tigray regional state 3 in northern ethiopia has given priority to a variety of water harvesting programmes to supplement the. Most of the river courses become full and flood their surroundings during the three main rainy months juneaugust. The ethiopia rainwater harvesting association erha with the financial support from european union eu has organized a one day community dialogue as part of the project for the scaling up of sustainable land management slm practices with proven potential to. In 2004, 17% of households in australia had rainwater as a source of water. Getachew and habtamu 1999 indicated that the history of rainwater harvesting in ethiopia date back to pre axumit period 560 bc. Harvested rainwater was used for agricultural and water supply purpose. Assessment of best practises and experience in water. In the last fiscal year, ponds and tanks were implemented free of charge for the.
Water harvesting wh can be considered as a rudimentary form of irrigation in some areas water harvesting for agriculture is called runoff farming. Water harvesting wh can be considered as a rudimentary form of irrigation in some areas water harvesting for agriculture is. Rainwater harvesting is a method of collecting, storing and conserving surface runoff for agricultural production and domestic uses. Surface water and groundwater resources of ethiopia. Rainwater harvesting is essential in view of the fact that rainfall, which is a source.
Impact assessment of rainwater harvesting technologies. The ethiopia rainwater harvesting association erha is a nongovernmental and nonprofitmotivated national organisation established in 1999 and registered with the federal moj in 2001. Road building is one of the largest public investments. Rainwater harvesting technology practices and implication of. Rainwater harvesting techniques to face water scarcity in. Water harvesting the history of water harvesting in ethiopia dated back as early as the pre axumite period 560 bc. Workshop on the experience of water harvesting in the.
Hence, rainwater harvesting technology should support rainfed farming in order to alleviate the moisture stress during critical crop growing season. Rainwater harvesting can coexist with and provide a good supplement to other water sources and utility systems, thus relieving pressure on other water sources. Perhaps one of the most interesting aspects of rainwater harvesting is learning about the methods of capture, storage, and use of this natural resource. Rainwater harvesting or the collection of rainwater in a proper way, can be a permanent solution to the problem of water crisis in different parts of the world. Rainwater harvesting in ethiopia has a long history with strong attachment to the ancient orthodox churches habtamu, 1999. There is also a serious lack of data as to whether rain water harvesting technologies actually contribute to household welfare. Learning and communication, wateraid, addis ababa ethiopia this research document was the result of a project of learning and communication of water supply, sanitation and hygiene wash of amhara region which was financed by water aid ethiopia. Establishment of erha was initiated by individuals recognizing the merits of.
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